International finance and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International finance and management - Essay Example hods for managing the said exposures are forward contracts, money market contract, currency options, currency swaps, leading and lagging and choice of currency invoice. Lastly, a brief illustration on how to use the money market and forward contract is provided. Medco Ltd is a pharmaceutical company based in the U.K. the company deals in exports and imports of medicines throughout Europe. The nature of the company’s transaction presents a risk as a result of the fluctuation of the foreign exchange rates. The company is planning to invoice a customer in France for 500,000 euros, payable in six months. The company’s managing directors seek advice on whether to implement money market or forward contract hedging strategy. This essay presents the risks in relation to the changes in exchange rate, the causes and factors affecting foreign exchange rate risks, methods of dealing with the forex risks and a mathematical illustration to help the company’s managing directors decided between the two hedging strategies (money market and forward contract). Foreign exchange is a market concept that means, converting currency of one country into that of another. Therefore, foreign exchange market is the market that hosts the currency conversion process (Baxter & Stockman 1989). The process of currency conversion depends on exchange rates. An exchange rate is the cost charged for converting the value of a country’s currency into the value of another. A spot exchange rate is the rate used in an instant currency conversion agreement between two or more parties (Dornbusch 1976). Spot exchange is carried out in a spot exchange market, which is part of the foreign exchange market. On the other hand, forward exchange rate is the rate agreed on today, to convert currencies at a future date specified in the agreement (Weithers 2011). The fluctuating exchange rate could present an unfavorable situation to a company if the local currency is rendered less valuable, (increased

Plagiarism Essay Essay Example for Free

Plagiarism Essay Essay Academic Plagiarism 1. 0 Defining academic plagiarism 2. 0 What are different types of academic plagiarism? 3. 0 Is academic plagiarism a problem for the non-native speakers only? 4. 0 What are the penalties of academic plagiarism? 5. 0 How can one avoid academic plagiarism? 6. 0 How should the culprits of academic plagiarism be punished? Academic Plagiarism 1. 0 Defining academic plagiarism The practice of stealing another person’s academic work and presenting it as your own is defined as academic plagiarism. This is a growing vice among students in our institutions of higher learning today. Most students in our local universities steal other persons’ writings or related academic materials and present such works as their original work. Academic plagiarism is when a person steals another person’s works and passes it on as his or her original work (Gibaldi, 1998). 2. 0 What are different types of academic plagiarism? There are several types of academic plagiarism. According to Loveleena Rajeev (2012), there are six types of academic plagiarism. The first is partial plagiarism. This happens when a person steals and puts together data from two or three different sources. The second is source plagiarism. This takes place when due credit is not given to the author one has gathered information from. The third is minimalistic plagiarism. This happens when one summarizes the same content using different flows. This could happen by changing the order and sentence of the original work. The fourth is source citation. This takes place when a person presents a complete source of information which lacks quotes. The fifth is mosaic plagiarism. This type of plagiarism takes place when one changes the sentence construction but not the original wording. Finally, the sixth is full-proof plagiarism. It occurs when all the sources used have citations but the entire text is a paraphrased version of the original. 3. 0 Is academic plagiarism a problem for the non-native speakers only? In my view, academic plagiarism is a problem for both the native and non- native speakers. Academic plagiarism by students is influenced by a variety of factors. Some of the factors that influence plagiarism are of human nature regardless of whether one is a native or a non-native speaker. For example laziness is recognized as a factor that may influence one to plagiarize whether they are native or non-native speakers. Another common factor among the native and non-native speakers that may influence plagiarism is lack of confidence in one’s own work. The temptation to plagiarise may occur when one has high regards of what is written by someone else. However, non-native speakers may be faced with exceptional challenges that may influence them to plagiarize. For example a non-native speaker may be faced with the challenge of correlating ideas and grammar. This may lead to plagiarism. According to Sheryl Holt (2013), non-native speakers prefer quoting their ‘masters’ as the most reliable source without critical thinking. 4. 0 What are the penalties of academic plagiarism? The penalties of academic plagiarism include suspensions and probations of the culprits from schools or institutions they are in, redoing the assignment and lowering of the students’ course grades. Attorney Standler (2010) states that anyone who plagiarizes copy righted material can be sued in federal court by the owner of the copyright. He also describes how unsympathetic the courts can be toward college students who have been disciplined for plagiarism and seek relief via lawsuit. 5. 0 How can one avoid academic plagiarism? Generally, it is the responsibility of everyone to avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism should be understood as a collective responsibility among all the stakeholders meaning that it is also the responsibility of teachers to assist the students un dealing with it (Council of Writing Program Administration 2003 p. 3) . Loveleena (2003) states that plagiarism is an offensive act that leads to infraction of originality and can be avoided by using proper citation of reference on the work done and also by reading and researching widely on the topic under research. Sheryl Holt (2011) on the other hand says that there is need for a person to be a suspicious reader with a keen eye of identifying and addressing plagiarism. She advises that once plagiarism is identified, there is need to have a one on one chart on what constitute plagiarism with a culprit and provide an opportunity to the culprit to rewrite the paper. 6. 0 How should the culprits of academic plagiarism be punished? In conclusion, some of the reasons that lead students to practice plagiarism are laziness, ignorance and lack of exposure or experience on the subject under discussion. Plagiarism does not affect students only but also the institution and nation at large because it increases lack of originality among individuals. Therefore, measures on how to curb plagiarism should be taken and there should be consequences in place for culprits who are performing it. In my view, students who involve in the acts of plagiarism should redo the assignment, be suspended and in extreme cases be expelled. Authors who are involved in academic plagiarism should also be punished by having their works banned from their societies. References Council of Writing Program Administrators. (2003). Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices. Retrieved from http://www. wpacouncil. org Gibaldi, J. (1998). MLA Style manual and guide to scholarly publishing. (2nd Ed). Modern Language Association of America. Jones, L. (2011), Academic Integrity Academic Dishonesty: A Handbook about Cheating Plagiarism Florida: Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne. Loveleena Rajeev (2012). Different types of Plagiarism. Retrieved from (Buzzle: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/different-types-of-plagiarism. html), Murdoch University Academic Integrity (2011), Retrieved from http://www. murdoch. edu. au/teach/plagiarism/ Ronald B Standler, (2010), Plagiarism in Colleges in USA retrieved from http://www. rbs2. com/plag. pdf. Sheryl Holt (2013), Success with Graduate and Scholarly Writing: A Guide for Non-native Writers of English.

Basic Structure Of A Computer System Computer Science Essay

Basic Structure Of A Computer System Computer Science Essay A computer is an electronic device capable of manipulating number and symbols, first taking input, processing it, storing and giving out output under a control of set instructions which is known as a program. A general purpose computer requires the following hardware components: memory, storage device (hard disk drive), input device (keyboard, mouse etc.), output device (screen, printer etc.) and central processing unit (CPU). Many other components are involved in addition to the listed components to work together efficiently. Computers can be classified by size and power as follows: Personal computer: Personal computers are small computers based on a microprocessor. A personal computer has a keyboard for inputting data, a monitor for output and a storage device for saving data. Workstation: workstations are usually powerful than a personal computer. It has more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor. Minicomputer: Mini computers are multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously. Mainframe computer: Mainframe computers are powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously. Super computer: Super computers are extremely fast computers that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second. MAIN REPORT COMPUTER SYSTEM A computer system can be represented using the following block diagram: CPU Bus Interface Timing and Control Address Bus ALU I/O RAM ROM Keyboard Mouse etc. Data Bus Control Bus Clock The CPU is can be expanded into three main parts: The ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit), The Bus interface Unit, and The Control Bus. The clock is an electronic circuit that gives regular pulses to the CPU. Faster clock speeds means more pulses to the CPU and the instructions are stepped through faster. The memory chip contains millions of separate memory stores and each of these locations has a unique number. This is known as memory address. The CPU stores data at any of these addresses and fetch the content back when required. RAM stands for Random Access Memory. These chips store the instructions for running the operating system and any computer application. This memory also stores all the data that is being worked on. RAM is a volatile memory which means that it only stores data while the computer remains switched on. When switched off, it loses all the stored data. ROM (Read Only Memory) on the other hand is a chip with program instructions permanently burned into it. The content is not lost even if the machine is switched off. The CPU can either fetch data from or write data when the appropriate memory location is accessed. Such data is transferred from the CPU to the memory location along the Data Bus. The control Bus is a set of tracks on the computers motherboard that run from the CPU to the devices and works under the direction of the CPU. LOGIC GATES Logic gates perform logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produce a single logic output. It processes signals which represent true or false. It is called Boolean logic and is most commonly used in digital circuits. Logic gates are identified by their function: NOT, AND, NAND, OR, NOR, EX-OR and EX-NOR and they are usually represented by capital letters. Logic Gate Symbols There are two series of symbols for logic gates: the traditional symbols which have distinctive shapes making them easy to recognise so they are widely used, and the International Electro technical Commission (IEC) symbols which are rectangles with a symbol inside to show the gate function. Traditional Symbols Source: http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htm IEC Source: http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htm Inputs and Outputs All Gates except a NOT gate have two or more inputs. A NOT gate has only one input and all gates have only one output. In the following figure, A and B are inputs and Q is the output. Source: http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htm Other types of gate used are NOT gate, AND gate, NAND (NOT AND) gate, OR gate and NOR (NOT OR) gate. Truth tables A truth table is a good way to show the function of a logic gate. It shows the output states for every possible combination of input states. The symbols 0 (false) and 1 (true) are usually used in truth tables. The example truth table on the right shows the inputs and output of an AND gate. Input A Input B Output Q 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 Computer numbering system Humans speak to one another in a particular language and we use different words and letters. Although we type words and letters in the computer, the computer translates those words and letters into numbers. Computers talk and understand in numbers. Those number systems are: Decimal, Hexadecimal, and Binary. The Decimal Number System is the system is most frequently used in arithmetic and in everyday life. The decimal number system is also known as the base 10 number system as the position in the number represents an incremental number with a base of 10. Each position only contains a number between 0 and 9. The Hexadecimal number system is used to represent memory addresses or colours. It is also known as the base 16 number system, because each position in the number represents an incremental number with a base of 16. Since the number system is represented in 16s, there are only 10 numbers and 5 letters (A to F). The Binary number system is used by most machines and electrical devices to communicate. It is also known as the base 2 number system, because each position in the number represents an incremental number with a base of 2. Since it is represented it 2s, there are only 2 numbers that can be a value in each position 0 or 1. CPU COMPONENTS The CPU is the intelligence of the machine but it needs a pre-written program to create, use and modify the data. If the computer needs to compare two numbers, or add two numbers, this is carried out inside the CPU and the numbers have to be fetched into the CPU from the computers memory chip. The three main components of CPU are: Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU), Bus Interface unit, and the Control Bus. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) carries out all the calculations and decision making tasks. The ALU uses devices called gates that receive one or more inputs and based up what function they are designed to perform, outputs a result. The basic operations of an ALU include adding and subtracting binary values as well as performing logical operations such as AND, NOT, OR AND XOR. The Bus Interface Unit takes the data to and from the CPU which is held inside internal registers (small memory stores) along the external Data Bus to read and write memory and devices. The Data Bus carries information in both directions. The Bus Interface Unit also places the required location addresses on the Address Bus, so that the required devices can be accessed for reading or writing. The Control Bus is the physical connection that carries control information between the CPU and other devices within the computer. It decodes all program instructions and dictates all the CPUs control and timing mechanisms. It sends out the read and write signals on the Control Bus. COMPUTER MEMORY The computer has to temporarily store the program and data in an area where it can be used by the computers processor to work. This area is known as the computers memory. It consists of computer chips that are capable of storing information. These information could be: the operating system (e.g. DOS, windows etc.), the instruction of the program to run (e.g. a database or a drawing program), or the data that is used or created (e.g. letters from word-processing or records from a database). There are different types of memory used in a computer system. They are: Cache memory, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), and Virtual Memory. Cache memory is extremely fast memory that is built into a computers CPU (L1 cache) or in some cases located next to it on a separate chip (L2 cache). L1 cache is faster than L2 cache as it is built into the CPU. These days, newer computer come with L3 cache which is faster than RAM but slower than L1 and l2 cache. Cache memory is used to store instructions that are repeatedly required to run programs and helps to improve overall system speed. The reason it is so fast is that the CPU does not have to use the motherboards system bus for data transfer. Random Access Memory (RAM) is the memory chip that consists of a large number of cells, each cell having a fixed capacity for storing data and unique address. RAM is a volatile memory which means all the programs and data in the memory is lost when the machined is switched off. There are different types of RAM modules available such as SODIMM, SDRAM, DDR, DDR2 and DDR3. SODIMM are used for laptops whereas the rest are used for desktop computers. Read Only Memory (ROM) is a memory chip in which the program instructions are permanently burned into. It is non-volatile which means its content is not lost even when the machined is switched off. It is used to store some of the system programs that keep the computer running smoothly. For example computer BIOS (basic input out system) is stored on the ROM. There are different types of ROM available such as Programmable ROM (PROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), and Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM). Virtual Memory is a part of most operating system. It is used when the amount of RAM is not enough to run all the programs. If the operating system, an email program, a web browser, a word processor, a Photoshop application are loaded into the RAM simultaneously, the RAM will not be able to handle all applications and thus the computer looks at RAM for areas that have not been used recently and copies them onto the hard drive. This frees up space in RAM to load new application. But because the read/write speed of a hard drive is much slower than that of RAM, the performance is not satisfactory. It is not recommended to use virtual memory as it is slow. The solution to this problem would be to upgrade the memory. SYSTEM SOFTWARE A computer system is not complete without system software. For a computer to perform any tasks, both software and hardware are equally important. System software gives life to hardware. System softwares are the files and programs that make up a computers operating system. It includes libraries of functions, system services, driver for hardwares, system preferences, and other configuration files. System software comprises of Assembler, Debugger, Compilers, Operating System, File management tools etc. The system software is installed on the computer when the operating system is installed. It can also be updated by running programs such as windows update. The system software is also called low-level software as it runs at the most basic level of the computer. It generates the user interface and allows the operating system to interact with the hardware; however system software is not meant to be run by the end user like application programs. Application programs such as web browser, or Microsoft word is often used by the end user whereas the end user does not use an assembler program unless he/she is a computer programmer. The system software runs in the background and thus the user does not have to worry about what the system software is doing. CONCLUSION In the report, the basic structure of a computer system was described with diagram. Different components such as CPU, memory, BUS, input/output devices that form a computer system were identified and explained. General ideas about Logic gates were given and different number systems used by computers to represent data were also described. As the CPU is the main part of a computer system, it was further looked into and Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Bus and Bus interface Unit were discussed. Different types of memory and their uses were explained and the importance of the system software was discussed finally.

Americans Take Their Education For Granted :: essays research papers

Americans Take Their Education For Granted   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Americans take their education for granted. Education has become one of the most important aspects of a person's. With seventeen years of formal education, a person can do almost anything he or she wants to do. Yet many in America take this for granted. Some American students today would rather not be in school. They would be much happier at home or going someplace with their friends. Once in school, many students forget why they are there—to get an education. Instead of going to classes, students might cut class or not even show up to school at all. I think our decreasing status as an economic super power can be attributed in part to the effects of this attitude. I believe there are two reasons behind this attitude--the lack of family values and the lack of responsibility taken by some of America's youth. Children often do not understand the value of the education they are receiving. Parents need to drill the importance of an education into their child's head. If children are not made aware of how meaningful school is, chances are they will fail when they are adults. Parents have to instill in their child the discipline and motivation it takes to do well in school. Parents have to teach their children that school always come first. Students need to put school on top of their priority list too. Parents also need to assure that their children understand their own responsibility to get their work done well and handed in on time. But parents can only do so much—ultimately it is the students who have to do the work. Children must learn to accept responsibility for the results of their own actions. Students will sometimes blame the teacher or others if they get bad grades. I have only one response for these students--the teachers aren't the

How Jane Yolen’s perspective on personal discovery is conveyed in Briar Rose Essay

Jane Yolen places strong emphasis on the notion of personal discovery which becomes the fundamental message in the text ‘Briar Rose’. Yolen sets the protagonist, Rebecca Berlin on a quest of personal discovery, a quest which is strongly connected to the past, a past which takes its roots in the holocaust. Yolen captivates the responder through the utilisation of the sophisticated language techniques: allegory, narrative structure, and multiple narrative voices to convey the significance of personal discovery. Yolen embedded personal discovery as a core theme in the text to convey strong views on personal discovery through the use of allegory to drive the story along giving it a sense of realism. Gemma’s telling and retelling of the fairy tale is a constant feature in the text. â€Å"I curse you Briar Rose, I curse you† This quote demonstrates Rebecca’s lack of comprehension of the fairy tale, a fairy tale Becca grew up listening to as an adult, it em barks on a journey which takes its roots in America and leads to Poland and enables Becca to unveil the fairy tale. It is through her solemn pledge that Becca commences her personal discovery and quest for her identity. As she commences her quest to personal discovery she begins to unveil the fairy tale which is Gemma’s allegory of the horrific events in the Jewish holocaust that impacted millions of Jews, who suffered at the hands of the Nazi’s. Yolen has successfully interwoven the allegorical structure in the narrative to convey the significance of personal discovery. Yolen has successfully demonstrated the technique of multiple narrative voices to illustrate her strong views on personal discovery. It is through the intertwining of the voices of Gemma, Josef Potocki and Rebecca that the truth behind Gemma’s past is unveiled. In particular the narration of Potocki brings the horrors inflicted on the Jews to the forefront of the personal discovery. â€Å"It was enormous, full of shadows: shadows of arms, of legs, of heads thrown back, mouths open in silenced screams.† Yolen captures the horrors expounded on the Jews effectively and makes the responder shiver with fear at the evil enaxed by the Nazi soldiers. Potocki’s voice/narrative brings Becca closer to unveiling the mystery of Gemma’s non-existent past. Josef’s account explicitly detailing the horrors of the holocaust is  juxtaposed against Gemma’s fairytale, alluding to the fact that such horrors are hard to articulate by the victims. In Briar Rose, Yolen has strongly conveyed personal discovery through impact and importance of one’s knowledge of family history to understanding an individual’s identity. Yolen has fundamentally embedded repetitive dialogue to positively convey personal discovery. Becca’s journey on persona discovery is initiated by her resolute promise on Gemma’s death bed to find the castle in the quote where Gemma recites â€Å"Promise me you will find the castle. â€Å"Promise me you’ll find the prince. Promise me you will find the maker of the spells.† The repetition of â€Å"promise† is captivatingly utilised to emphasise and enable the responder to understand the significance of the pledge. The composer effectively portrays this through Becca’s tone when she says â€Å"I’m going to solve it†¦ The riddle and the mystery†¦ I’m going to find the castle and the prince and reclaim our heritage.† It is the resol ve with which Becca makes the pledge that the responder comes to realise the significance of the pledge and that it is a central message to the novel and through this single event that personal discovery is set into motion. This quest of personal discovery is reinforced and intensified by Becca’s determination and strong bond with her grandmother and allows the responders to acknowledge that it is the driving force behind her ambition and enduring perseverance to discover the truth within the enigma of the fairy tale. Yolen establishes the close connection through Gemma’s praise of Becca’s devotion to the fairy tale when she says â€Å"you always understand† a trait that makes the responders find Becca appealing. This has significantly influenced her choices and actions, as she embarks on the quest of personal discovery with the given secret wooden box that has ‘briar’ and a rose carved on its lid (symbolism and repetition of the rose) and filled with Gemma’s possessions inside in order to reclaim Gemma’s heritage. Yolen has successfully demonstrated personal discovery through the use of repetition in the text Briar Rose. Yolen has purposefully made Becca the heroine more appealing than her sisters Shana and Sylvia. Yolen has effectively demonstrated the importance of personal discovery in the text Briar Rose by embedding numerous sophisticated language techniques in her novel. The personal discovery undertaken by Becca, leads her to the core of the  holocaust, and brings to the forefront the experience of Gemma; Yolen uses the fairytale to create a sense of good versus bad, good versus evil. Yolen through Becca makes the responder realise the significance of personal discovery. The words of Stan aptly sum Yolen’s views on personal discovery- ‘What is past is prologue’

Love and Lust in the Lyrics (Shakespeares Sonnets) Essay Example

Love and Lust in the Lyrics (Shakespeares Sonnets) Essay Example Love and Lust in the Lyrics (Shakespeares Sonnets) Paper Love and Lust in the Lyrics (Shakespeares Sonnets) Paper Essay Topic: The Sound and the Fury A sonnet is a poem of fourteen lines that rhyme in a particular pattern. William Shakespeare’s sonnets were the only non-dramatic poetry that he wrote. Shakespeare used sonnets within some of his plays, but his sonnets are best known as a series of one hundred and fifty-four poems. The series of one hundred and fifty-four poems tell a story about a young aristocrat and a mysterious mistress. Many people have analyzed and contemplated about the significance of these â€Å"lovers†. After analysis of the content of both the â€Å"young man† sonnets and the â€Å"dark lady sonnets†, it is clear that the poet, Shakespeare, has a great love for the young man and only lusts after his mistress. In order to fully understand the depth of emotion that Shakespeare (hereafter the poet) felt for the young man of his sonnets, one must be familiar with the story line of the first sub-sequence of the sonnets. When analyzing the content and depth of the poet’s love, the ambiguous nature of the poet’s relationship with the young man should also be considered. Sonnets 1-126 are addressed to a salient young man: advising him, praising him, and nagging him. The first nineteen sonnets repeat the same message. They encourage the young man to settle down and have children. Because his youthful beauty will not last forever, the poet urges the man to procreate so that the young man’s unmatched beauty can live on in his children. Many of the early sonnets sing the approbation of the young man and express the poet’s love and emulation for him. Shakespeare used love in the context of a deep friendship, as read in the first four lines of sonnet 26: Lord of my love, to whom in vassalage Thy merit hath my duty strongly knit, To thee I send this written ambassage To witness duty, not to show my wit; (see appendix P for whole sonnet) The mistress then seduces the poet’s friend and after he contends for her with the young man, the poet gives her up to the lord. In sonnet 42 (see appendix A) the poet confesses his alleged love for his mistress, however, he still lets her run away with his friend. This action poses two questions to the reader. If he loved her so much, why did he let her go? How deep was his love for the young man, that he let him have his mistress? Examining what type of relationship the poet has with the young man answers both questions. Interpreters on the subject of the poet’s sexuality can be divided into two groups. There are the few who find sexual attraction revealed toward the friend. Then there are the many that reassure themselves and readers that such an attraction is far from affirmed. For the purpose of this essay, a focus on the minority viewpoint will be examined. Sonnet 20 (see appendix B) shows just one example of sexual connotation that is present throughout the sonnets of the first sub-sequence. Sonnet 75 (see appendix C) is particularly dense with sexual innuendo. Here, to begin with, is the third quatrain: Sometime all full with feasting on your sight, And by and by clean starved for a look; Possessing or pursuing no delight Save what is had, or must from you be took. Here Shakespeare makes â€Å"delight† allude to sexual pleasure. Eric Partridge, author of Shakespeare’s Bawdy: a Literary and Psychological Essay and Comprehensive Glossary, records that â€Å"Shakespeare does these elsewhere, a typically including among the citations 36. 8 (see appendix D for whole sonnet) where the ‘sweet hours’ of ‘love’s delight’ consists of amorous play between the lovers† (Pequigney 38). Having the poet and the young man in a relationship that goes beyond friendship allows a reader of the sonnets to better understand the depth of the poet’s love for the young man. Of all the sonnets expressing the poet’s love for the young man, sonnet 116 is the most renowned. According to Freud, love is â€Å"the synthesis between the unsensual, heavenly love and sensual, earth love, of which the characteristics are: a lasting cathexis upon the sexual object, so that it may be loved in the passionless intervals between the gratification of erotic desire and it’s return, the phenomenon of sexual overvaluation, and a narcissistic relation to the subject’s ego† (Bloom 59-60). So the lover, the poet, treats the loved object, the young man, as he would himself. The loved object serves as a substitute for some unattained ideal. In the case of the sonnets, the ideal is love. Being in love allows the poet to have what he wants but could not acquire before and serves as a means of satisfying his self-love. Joseph Pequigney, author of Such is My Love: A Study of Shakespeare’s Sonnets, agrees with and elaborates on Freud. He writes, â€Å"All of these characteristics belong to the poet’s love for the friend. It is a love that pays handsome narcissistic dividends; it is advantageous also for the friend, who is praised for personal qualities that would likely pass unnoticed were the poet not under the spell of his beauty. † Pequigney goes on to touch on the antithesis of the poet’s love for the young man, his lust for his mistress the â€Å"dark lady†. Because the mistress offers no self-seeking advantages, she is â€Å"disesteemed with vice but never virtue ascribed to her† (Pequigney 157). The poet attacks and questions her physical attractiveness as the affair goes on and she arouses lust that comes and goes. Sonnets 127-154 are addressed to the â€Å"dark lady† (hereafter the mistress). Shakespeare’s relations to his mistress vacillate; sometimes sanguine, tender, teasing, or bitterly anger; yet it is a simpler relation than that with the young man. The poet does not have to justify her, as he had to justify the young man out of deep psychological need. The relation with her is for pleasure, passion, and infatuation. When the poet first begins too court the mistress, he employs unmistakable salacious humor, exhibits the combination of desire and disrespect that is the hallmark of lust in the second sub-sequence. His lack of jealously at the fact that she has two other men exhibits his lack of genuine love for his mistress. He does not look to get rid of his mistress’s other lovers; he simply asks that he is not gotten rid of either. As long as she grants him sexual favors as well, he will remain happy. She may be the opposite of celibate, but he does not mind, so long as he gets his share. The two have sexual relations, for the first time, in the period following sonnet 128 (see appendix F) and shortly before the opening of sonnet 129 (appendix G). Once desire for the woman has been satisfied, revulsion sets in. In his current frame of mind the poet delivers the monologue of sonnet 129, which anatomizes lust while dramatizing his struggle to come to terms with it. The experience is described as three successive phases: (1) carnal desire; (2) consummation; and (3) the aftermath (Ramsey 146). The vicious cycle continually repeats throughout part two. Immediately after sonnet 129 the poet goes back to gaily, gently teasing his mistress, shown in sonnet 130: I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go- My mistress when she walks treads on the ground. And yet by heaven I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. (see appendix H for whole sonnet) Later he goes back to anger and bitterness (131, appendix I) to a mixture of teasing and strong emotion (132, appendix J) back to hatred (133, appendix K). From there, he goes to witty obscenity, with shades of self-contempt and some hostility (135, appendix L) to delicate tenderness (143, appendix M) and back to anger (144, appendix N), to start the cycle all over again. Shakespeare ends the poems to the dark lady savagely and appropriately: For I have sworn thee fair: More perjured eye, To swear against the truth so foul a lie. (see appendix O for whole sonnet) The fury is the fury from his conscious wavering between supposed love and lust. It is not a pleasant way to end 154 love poems, but it is a great way. The story of Shakespeare’s sonnets clearly shows, through the content of the sonnets, how deeply he feels for his young friend and how he merely lusts after his mistress. The sacrifice that the poet made for the young man, by giving up his mistress to the man he loved, proves his great love for him. The poet’s reaction to the consummation of the relationship between his mistress and him characterizes his animal lust for her. Shakespeare justifies the young man; he blames the dark lady; he struggles with himself, blames himself, and then tries to justify himself to no avail.

Independance Day essays

Independance Day essays Independence Day (1996) Synopsis:It is an ordinary summer day. But then, without warning, something very extraordinary happens. Enormous shadows fall across the land. Strange atmospheric phenomena, ominous and mesmerizing, surface around the globe. All eyes turn upward. The question of whether we're alone in the universe has finally been answered. And, in a matter of minutes, the lives of every person across the globe are forever changed. With the fate of our planet at stake, the Fourth of July is about to take on an entirely new meaning. No longer will it be an American holiday. It will be known as the day the entire world fought back. The day we did not go gentle into the good night... The day all of us on planet Earth celebrated our independence day. What if visitors from another world suddenly appeared? What if tomorrow morning, you walked out of your door and saw an enormous spaceship hovering over your entire city? And what if you learned that the same thing was happening across our planet? These kinds of questions have sparked innumerable discussions, theories and debates across the planet. Now, we're about to get the answers. It is an ordinary summer day But then, without warning, something very extraordinary happens. Enormous shadows fall across the land. Strange atmospheric phenomena, ominous and mesmerizing, surface around the globe. All eyes turn upward. The question of whether we're alone in the universe has finally been answered. And, in a matter of minutes, the lives of every person across the globe are forever changed, With the fate of our planet at stake, the Fourth of July is about to take on an entirely new meaning. No longer will it be an American holiday. it will be known as the day the entire world fought back. The day we did not go gentle into the good night ... The day all of us on planet Earth celebrated our INDEPENDENCE DAY. In the epic adventure film INDEPENDENCE DAY, strange phenome...

El Greco essays

El Greco essays There were many inspiring and fantastic painters in the 1500s. Europe had many painters who made a big impact on the world. El Greco was a Greek painter who moved to Spain and is regarded as one of the greatest religious painters and a master portraitist. El Greco is one of the most famous painters of all time, and the story of his young life and emigration to Spain is a great one. El Greco was born in Candia, Crete. Not much is known about his childhood. He grew up and was trained as a icon-maker in a monastery and then went to Venice around 1560, where Titian became his greatest mentor. El Greco met Michelangelo and was very influenced on his Italian style of painting, which is noticeably different from other works. Not much is known about his parents; it is speculated that they died when El Greco was very young. El Greco is the Spanish name of the painter. His true Greek name is Domenicos Theotocopoulos, which was the name he used when he signed his documents, including Spain where he was known by his Spanish name. El Greco started out small as did most famous painters and worked his way up. El Greco was a true rags to riches story considering he was an artist. El Greco grew up and learned much in his early career and had been taught by many of the greatest painters. As a young painter he moved around a lot and once out of Crete went to Venice and then onto Spain. In 1563, with the closing of the third and final session of the Council of Trent, known in European history as the Counter Reformation which commenced with it the institutionalization of Catholic life in accordance with the rules made by the Conciliar Fathers. This led to El Grecos inspiration to be a religious painter. Two worksthat are signed by Master Domenikos who was an icon, in Athens and a small portable triptych, which have been attributed to El Greco. However, their authorship cannot be established with certainty. After W...

Strategy-driven management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategy-driven management - Essay Example As Chang and Platt have it: Management needs a new, more powerful means of responding to changes while learning to adapt in a very different business environment. Strategy-driven management is the answer. Strategy is defined as a disciplined way of thinking and managing. No organization can succeed long without having clearly defined purposes and objectives, the means to deploy its forces and resources, and the power to motivate its people to forge ahead. (Chang & Platt 1987, p. 52) Every aspect of the company's activity - from organizational structure and culture to its strategic goals - needs to be correlated all the time with the current situation on the market. Continuous change is an integral part of any organization's activity, and in order to remain competitive, managers should "learn to respond to a growing number of changes in how they structure companies, conduct business, implement technology, and relate to customers and employees". (Suresh, 2001, p. 3) Situation analysis helps to correlate the organization's resources with its opportuni

Virgin Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virgin Group - Essay Example Sir Richard Branson (Branson), creator of the Virgin Group, has invested his ventures with that unique brand power which has no parallel anywhere – not even Microsoft and Bill Gates. The uniqueness lies in the extension of the persona of Branson into his products. Starting with the very name of his first business venture in 1972 and the people associated with it, he chose to play the game in an unconventional way. ‘Inexperience in business’ was not a handicap; instead it was turned into a brand name ‘Virgin’ with the abandon of a veteran. Youth and enjoyment was the platform that led him to the music business; brashness and self-confidence led him to retain music rights, in contrast to the established practice, and, adventure so typical of youth, led to his foray into aviation. Virgin’s metamorphosis from a mere record selling stores to a top-level music and movie production company took a mere decade and in the process the group made handsome profits. Surprising everyone and shocking the giant commercial airlines, Branson pioneered the revolution in air travel when he set up the Virgin Atlantic Airways, a quality air travel alternative across the Atlantic, at highly competitive prices! The same spirit of youthful adventure and innovative thinking made Virgin a brand to recon with in a variety of consumer products across the globe. From his interview to the Forbes magazine (Feb. 1, 1997) one gets a glimpse of Branson’s philosophy on business diversification, â€Å"†¦And it is so great being in so many different businesses. That is the fun of it.†

Crash Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crash - Assignment Example However, the reality is that most of us end up harboring racism inside, without letting anyone be aware of it. It is so well hidden that sometimes even we are unaware of it. The racism has its own way of coming out, for instance, in the case of an accident, if one of the drivers is a woman, most of us will automatically make the sexist remark about how women cannot drive. Just like Ria does in the movie when she is involved in an accident with an Asian woman, most of us end up letting our prejudices get the better of us when we are involved in an altercation of any sort. Though, normally, we are unaware that such prejudices reside within us. Interestingly enough, I feel, we cannot blame this trend on lack of education. Our educational system, we think, ends our prejudices, or at least weeds them out. What we are unaware of, however, is that most of the time our bigotry is latent within us, despite the refinement and education we undergo. Our inner instincts are sometimes witness to the fact that we do harbor biases within us. In Crash, Jean Cabot, who is the wife of the local District Attorney, and a very educated and cultured woman, still reaches out for her husband’s arm for protection only because she sees two black men crossing her path. This brings us to stereotyping. I feel stereotyping is wrong, no matter what the generality. There are no positive stereotypes. When we lump up a group of people together based on the color of their skin, or their gender, or any other outward appearance, we are, essentially, showing that a bias exists in our minds. We make an image, often unrealistic, in our minds about all of the people of a certain gender, or class, and then judge everyone by it. A case in point would be the way all of us tend to indulge in blonde jokes – jokes about blonde women, and how dimwitted they are. The reality

Final Assessment of Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Assessment of Apple Inc - Essay Example During critical analysis of its vision and mission statement, examination of Apple’s compliance to business ethics was also performed. Overall outcome of this analysis elaborates that Apple has made innovation and simplicity a foundation of not only its products, but its organizational philosophy as well. Effects of Globalization & Organizational Culture on Employee Selection and Training Apple is an ideal case study for understanding globalization in terms of business model and related processes. With workforce and supply chain scattered all around the globe and access to every part of global mobile and electronic gadgets market, Apple has managed to emerge as a market leader in mobile appliances and related applications. In addition to that, Apple’s organizational culture further supports its global business model and extended market access. ... Globalization has further strengthened the foundation of this culture. As a result of globalized model, Apple has introduced strategies like ethical partnership with the suppliers and home-based jobs for students and other professionals in order to avail opportunities offered by global business model. As far as employee selection is concerned, Apple uses market competitive strategies to attract and retain talent but only recruit employees that are not only job fit but an organization fit as well. As far as training methods employed are concerned, its leadership uses a simple regime of Tell, Show and Do. Employees undergo on-job as well as academic trainings for enhancing their skill inventory and using them accordingly. On the other hand, as an ethical organization, Apple has also introduced educational programs, i.e. graduation, associate and bachelors for employees working for its suppliers. Training its own workforce and suppliers’ employees is influenced by its philosophy that says, â€Å"When people gain new skills and knowledge, they can improve their lives (Apple, 2012a).† Apple’s Vision and Mission Statement Apple’s vision is based on an optimistic ideology of being a market leader in technology and communication devices. It has managed to offer products that cover every aspect of technology usage and allows the consumer to have an impeccable experience with its products becoming an integral part of customer’s life style. Beginning from MacBooks to iPhones and iPads, Apple has attempted to amalgamate convenience, functionality and style in a single gadget. Furthermore, its commitment to have a motivated workforce and supply chain is another area that provides participatory direction to its

Eng Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Eng - Research Paper Example It is difficult to say exactly where soccer originated as there have been several games from different countries that have the same foundations as the soccer game that we know today. There is a record in China, wherein soccer was called Cuju which literally means â€Å"kick ball†. There was a claim that Cuju was invented by the Yellow Emperor as fitness training for military men and cavaliers. These Cuju matches were held at the Imperial Palace and was said to be played by scholars and intellectuals of Ancient China. There is also once record of Mesoamericans playing a game similar to soccer but instead of using the traditional soccer ball, they used rubber balls which made it a little more difficult to play with. The said game is said to be a combination of soccer, volleyball and basketball. It is said that the object of the game is to kick the rubber ball up the basket in order to score a point. Among the Ancient Greeks and Romans, the game that is similar to soccer is calle d Pheninda. It is said that Pheninda is a combination of soccer and rugby. In this game, there are no rules thus making it quite a dangerous game and a lot of players were injured. The Middle Ages saw the birth of a soccer game called Mob Soccer in Europe. In this game, the ball that they have to kick is made of pig’s bladders and sometimes, stuffed leather skin. ... The object of this game is to strike the ball into the other team’s goal by whatever ways they have. This meant that one can use a club, a stick or any other means in order to score. One can only imagine the injuries the players have sustained in an effort to hit the ball but hit another instead. This same game was played in England, but due to the nature of the sport, this was banned by Nicholas de Farndone in 1314 of London. But this ban did not stop soccer from growing in Medieval England. Soccer has become a fitness sport for English boys in boarding schools. It was a sport enjoyed by Aristocrats and Upper-class Englishmen but even though it started that way, it later evolved into a sport for the commoners as well since it is very inexpensive and easy to learn. Soccer then started really growing among public schools, so then the concept of a tournament was born in the 19th century. Since different schools have then, different rules, Cobb Morley formed a semi-professional s occer club in Barnes and called it Barnes Club. He suggested a central body for rules and regulations be put into place. This idea then was put to practice on October 26, 1863 when a few soccer clubs set the base for the future organization, eventually called Football Association, met at the Freemasons’ Tavern in the English Capital. Cobb Morley came up with the rules of the game which set the official rules which would be put in place in every soccer game. He is now considered the father of soccer for his monumental contributions and his idea of the official rules which were put into place. In three decade after Cobb Morley set the official rules, soccer became a widespread sport around Europe, America and even Australia. In the early 20th century, the national teams were being

Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supply Chain - Essay Example The last part of the report analyzes how the use of e-commerce in supply chains has enhanced the value and business operations for both the companies. Dell Computers Dell was incorporated in 1994 by Michael Dell while he was a student at University of Texas, Austin. From its very first initiatives, direct selling model was adopted. In the beginning PC’s were sold over the phone and they were customized according to customers’ specifications. Dell’s strategic choices and ways of realizing those choices have played an effective role in story Dell’s success. The supply chain management of the company is the key element in its successful business model. The core element of the company’s business model is its direct sales model, referred as ‘direct mode’, with the build to order strategy. Business Model and Supply Chain The differentiated model of dell help it creates a niche in the distribution channel and eliminates the entire mid channel members to arrive at cost leadership position in the industry. The basic principle of Resource based view is that the competitive advantage for any particular organization completely depends upon the resources which are available at any company’s disposal. ... The above figure shows hot the direct model of Dell was different from the indirect distribution channel of the rest of industry. In its direct sale model, the intermediary steps that add cost and time are eliminated, and the company is directly able to link with its customers. Dell directly sells to all its customers, regardless of a home-PC to world’s largest corporations. The direct relationship with individual customer creates a great source of competitive advantage for Dell. This creates a valuable information about the end customers, and thus Dell knows who are the end users of their product, what they have purchased from the company, what are their future preferences, a fact that allows the company to stay closer to their customers by offering add-on products and services. Build in order and Integration with suppliers Thus, a computer is build after the customer places and order, then just-in-time production and lean manufacturing takes place. This means when an order i s placed, its configuration details reaches the manufacturing department and the assembly begins, and once the PC is configured it is shipped by a 3PL to the corresponding customer. The choice of JIT and build to order has several advantages for the company. Firstly, the level of inventories remains very low, leading to faster responses to demand changes and low inventory costs. For instance, if a new microprocessor comes into the market, the company can immediately place an order with its suppliers, as the company need not get rid of the excess inventory. Also, in case of Dell, customers pay in advance. That means the customer pay for the order prior to when the company pays its suppliers for the products, thus giving Dell the opportunity of operating on

Final Assessment of Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Assessment of Apple Inc - Essay Example During critical analysis of its vision and mission statement, examination of Apple’s compliance to business ethics was also performed. Overall outcome of this analysis elaborates that Apple has made innovation and simplicity a foundation of not only its products, but its organizational philosophy as well. Effects of Globalization & Organizational Culture on Employee Selection and Training Apple is an ideal case study for understanding globalization in terms of business model and related processes. With workforce and supply chain scattered all around the globe and access to every part of global mobile and electronic gadgets market, Apple has managed to emerge as a market leader in mobile appliances and related applications. In addition to that, Apple’s organizational culture further supports its global business model and extended market access. ... Globalization has further strengthened the foundation of this culture. As a result of globalized model, Apple has introduced strategies like ethical partnership with the suppliers and home-based jobs for students and other professionals in order to avail opportunities offered by global business model. As far as employee selection is concerned, Apple uses market competitive strategies to attract and retain talent but only recruit employees that are not only job fit but an organization fit as well. As far as training methods employed are concerned, its leadership uses a simple regime of Tell, Show and Do. Employees undergo on-job as well as academic trainings for enhancing their skill inventory and using them accordingly. On the other hand, as an ethical organization, Apple has also introduced educational programs, i.e. graduation, associate and bachelors for employees working for its suppliers. Training its own workforce and suppliers’ employees is influenced by its philosophy that says, â€Å"When people gain new skills and knowledge, they can improve their lives (Apple, 2012a).† Apple’s Vision and Mission Statement Apple’s vision is based on an optimistic ideology of being a market leader in technology and communication devices. It has managed to offer products that cover every aspect of technology usage and allows the consumer to have an impeccable experience with its products becoming an integral part of customer’s life style. Beginning from MacBooks to iPhones and iPads, Apple has attempted to amalgamate convenience, functionality and style in a single gadget. Furthermore, its commitment to have a motivated workforce and supply chain is another area that provides participatory direction to its

Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supply Chain - Essay Example The last part of the report analyzes how the use of e-commerce in supply chains has enhanced the value and business operations for both the companies. Dell Computers Dell was incorporated in 1994 by Michael Dell while he was a student at University of Texas, Austin. From its very first initiatives, direct selling model was adopted. In the beginning PC’s were sold over the phone and they were customized according to customers’ specifications. Dell’s strategic choices and ways of realizing those choices have played an effective role in story Dell’s success. The supply chain management of the company is the key element in its successful business model. The core element of the company’s business model is its direct sales model, referred as ‘direct mode’, with the build to order strategy. Business Model and Supply Chain The differentiated model of dell help it creates a niche in the distribution channel and eliminates the entire mid channel members to arrive at cost leadership position in the industry. The basic principle of Resource based view is that the competitive advantage for any particular organization completely depends upon the resources which are available at any company’s disposal. ... The above figure shows hot the direct model of Dell was different from the indirect distribution channel of the rest of industry. In its direct sale model, the intermediary steps that add cost and time are eliminated, and the company is directly able to link with its customers. Dell directly sells to all its customers, regardless of a home-PC to world’s largest corporations. The direct relationship with individual customer creates a great source of competitive advantage for Dell. This creates a valuable information about the end customers, and thus Dell knows who are the end users of their product, what they have purchased from the company, what are their future preferences, a fact that allows the company to stay closer to their customers by offering add-on products and services. Build in order and Integration with suppliers Thus, a computer is build after the customer places and order, then just-in-time production and lean manufacturing takes place. This means when an order i s placed, its configuration details reaches the manufacturing department and the assembly begins, and once the PC is configured it is shipped by a 3PL to the corresponding customer. The choice of JIT and build to order has several advantages for the company. Firstly, the level of inventories remains very low, leading to faster responses to demand changes and low inventory costs. For instance, if a new microprocessor comes into the market, the company can immediately place an order with its suppliers, as the company need not get rid of the excess inventory. Also, in case of Dell, customers pay in advance. That means the customer pay for the order prior to when the company pays its suppliers for the products, thus giving Dell the opportunity of operating on

Streetcar Named Desire and The Wasp Factory Essay Example for Free

Streetcar Named Desire and The Wasp Factory Essay Disturbing behavior is clearly shown throughout both The Wasp Factory and A Streetcar Named Desire with representations of how the outside world effects and distorts the human mind through characters Blanche, Stella and Stanley in A Streetcar†¦ and Frank, Eric and their father in The Wasp Factory. I aim to explore and compare the two depictions of the disturbed mind by finding similar themes within the play and the book, such as obsession, alcoholism and the ultimate disconnection with reality. Blanches disconnection with reality in A Streetcar Named Desire is foreshadowed multiple times throughout the play with her statement â€Å"I ought to go up there on a rocket ship and never come down† and the general disjointment of her speech which is a metaphor for her instability. This foreshadowing results in Blanche eventually losing her sanity resulting in forced admittance to a mental asylum similar to Williams’ sister Rose who was also mentally unstable. Compared to in The Wasp Factory Frank’s disconnection with reality is clear within first few pages of the book when he claims to have predicted the future by means of an unknown factory â€Å"I already knew something was going to happen; the factory told me†. We later find out that this factory Frank speaks of is a contraption he has made resulting in a wasp’s gruesome death and a vague ‘futuristic prediction’ that Frank twists into becoming reality. An example of this would be when the factory predicts fire, Frank is attacked by a rogue male rabbit and breaks one of his many beloved inanimate objects – his slingshot The Black Destroyer – which results in him blowing the entire Rabbit grounds into heaps of smoke and mud. This shows Frank’s ability to mold his own reality an ability of which Blanche from a A Streetcar†¦ also possesses when she I s seen talking to herself at the beginning of chapter ten â€Å"how about taking a swim, a moonlight swim at the old rock-quarry?† she says the herself whilst placing a rhinestone tiara on her head. Although Blanche seems more aware of her ability to pretend and disconnect with reality she undoubtedly share this trait with Frank (The Wasp Factory). Although both characters have clearly disconnected with the reality they both do it in very unlike ways.  Blanche is lost and fragile due to the unfortunate suicide of her late husband which links to Williamsâ €™ personal experiences as in the suicide of his own lover. Likeminded Randolph Goodman feels that the play can thus be read as an allegorical representation of the authors view of the world he lives in. The second count of disturbing behavior linking both The Wasp Factory and A Streetcar Named Desire is the forbidden sexual connection between Blanche and Stanley and the disturbed near sexual gratification Frank achieves from death and destruction. During scene two of A Streetcar†¦ Stanley pillages through Blanche’s trunk while she is bathing, â€Å"he hurls the furs to the daybed. Then he jerks open a small drawer in the trunk and pulls up a fistful of costume jewelry† this shows Stanley’s disregard for Blanche and her things and foreshadows a later invasion of privacy and violent act that is Blanche’s rape. Constance Drake, in Blanche Dubois: A Re-Evaluation, finds Williams â€Å"presenting the pessimistic view of modern man destroying the tender aspects of love†. However Blanche and Stanley have spirts of flirtation throughout the play signifying that perhaps there was more to the buildup of the rape then just an act of hatred and violence. As Stanley is constantly portrayed as animalistic Blanche picks up on this when she says â€Å"a little on the primitive side I should think. To interest you a women would have to† to which Stanley retorts slowly â€Å"layher cards on the table†. This behavior is disturbing as Blanche is Stanley’s sister in law and neither of them seems to have any regard for Stella excluding when they both of them are ordering her around. As opposed to in The Wasp Factory Frank’s ‘disability’ disables him from receiving sexual satisfaction so alternatively he seeks it out and finds pleasure in death and destruction for example when he destroys the rabbit grounds he mentions â€Å"The catapult was avenged, the buck†¦soiled and degraded, taught a hard lesson and it felt good†. Contrasting to previous an unnamed critic countries â€Å"Frank is fixated on fate and although he unwittingly controls it he is infatuated with the act of playing God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this critics outlines franks disturbed and almost sexual pleasure he gets from having control over the lives of other beings. Similarly in both texts characters find disturbing pleasure in things that they shouldn’t such as rape (Stanley) and Dea th (Frank) these fit  contextually to the mass amount of murder in the 1980s around Scotland and the power given to men during the 1940s. In conclusion disturbing behavior is clearly apparent in both texts with clear contextual links and apparent similar themes displaying such behavior. I believe both texts are the result of a disturbed mind or at least the viewing of one with Williams’ mentally ill sister and alcoholic father and Banks’ desperation to get one of his book published. The themes of alcoholism, obsession and dependency run deep throughout both texts.

Direct-sequence spread spectrum

Direct-sequence spread spectrum Direct-sequence spread spectrum Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a modulation technique used in telecommunications. In this modulation technique, as with other spread spectrum technologies, more bandwidth is occupied by the transmitted signal than the information signal that is being modulated. In Spread spectrum modulation technique the carrier signals occur over the full bandwidth (spectrum) of a devices transmitting frequency and that is where the name Spread Features of Direct-sequence spread spectrum Ø In DSSS a sine wave is pseudo randomly phase-modulated with a continuous string of pseudo noise (PN) code symbols called chips. Each of these chips has a much shorter duration than an information bit. In effect information signal is modulated by chips sequence which is much faster. Therefore, the chip rate is much higher than information signal bit rate. Ø In DSSS the chip sequences produced by the transmitter to modulate the signal is known at receiver end and receiver uses the same chip sequences to demodulate. As same sequence chips are used at transmitter and receiver, both have to be in sync with respect to chip sequence. Transmission method of Direct-sequence spread spectrum In Direct-sequence spread-spectrum transmissions the data being transmitted is multiplied by a noise signal. The noise signal used is a pseudorandom sequence of 1 and −1 values. Also the frequency of noise signal is much higher than that of the information signal. In effect we can say that the energy of original data is spread to a much higher bandwidth than the bandwidth of information signal. We can say that the resulting signal will look like white noise, like an audio recording of static. But this noise signal will be used to reconstruct the original data at the receiver end where it will be multiplied with pseudorandom sequence of 1 and −1 values which is exactly the same sequence which was used to modulate the data signal. As 1 Ãâ€" 1 = 1, and −1 Ãâ€" −1 = 1 so multiplying two times the data signal with pseudo random sequence will restore the original signal. The process of multiplying the signal at receiving end with same chip sequence used at transmitter end is known as de-spreading. In De-spreading a mathematical correlation of the transmitted PN sequence with the PN sequence at receiver is constituted. As it would have been clear by now that to reconstruct data at receiver end, transmit and receive sequences must be synchronized. It is done via some timing search process. This requirement of synchronization of transmitter and receiver can be considered as drawback. But this drawback gives a significant benefit also. If we synchronize sequences of various transmitters, the relative synchronization which we will do for receiver can be used to determine relative timing. This relative timing can be used to determine receivers position if transmitters position is known. This is used in many satellite navigation systems. Process gain is effect of enhancing signal to noise ratio on the channel. The process gain can be increased by using a longer PN sequence and more chips per bit. But there is a constraint here that physical devices which are used to generate the PN sequence have practical limits on attainable processing gain. If a transmitter transmits a signal with a PN sequence the de-spreading process give a process gain if we demodulate it with same PN sequence. It does not provide any process gain for the signals transmitted by other transmitters on the same channel but with a different PN sequence or no sequence. This is the basis of for the code division multiple access (CDMA) property of Direct-sequence spread spectrum. This property allows multiple transmitters to share the same channel. But this is limited by cross-correlation properties of PN sequences. We can consider the transmitted signal will be roughly a bell shaped enveloped centered on the carrier frequency (same as in AM transmission) but the noise which we add causes the distribution to be wider. As this description suggests, a plot of the transmitted waveform has a roughly bell-shaped envelope centered on the carrier frequency, just like a normal AM transmission, except that the added noise causes the distribution to be much wider than that of an AM transmission. If we compare frequency-hopping spread spectrum with Direct-sequence spread spectrum then we will find that frequency-hopping spread spectrum pseudo-randomly re-tunes the carrier, instead of adding pseudo-random noise to the data. This retuning of carrier results in a uniform frequency distribution whose width will be determined by the output range of the pseudo-random number generator. Benefits of Direct-sequence spread spectrum Jamming resistance for intended or unintended jamming. A single channel is shared among multiple users. Interception is hampered due to reduced signal/background-noise level. Relative timing between transmitter and receiver is determined. Uses of Direct-sequence spread spectrum Used by European Galileo satellite navigation systems and The United States GPS systems DS-CDMA (Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access) is a multiple access scheme based on Direct-sequence spread spectrum, by spreading the signals from/to different users with different codes. It is the most widely used type of CDMA. Used in Cordless phones operating in the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands Used in IEEE 802.11b 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, and its predecessor 802.11-1999. (Their successor 802.11g uses OFDM instead) Used in Automatic meter reading Used in IEEE 802.15.4 (PHY and MAC layer for ZigBee)

What exactly is a ‘surveillance society’? Essays -- Politics, Civil L

What exactly is a ‘surveillance society’? The term is often used by the popular media to refer to the older more totalitarian notions of the ‘security state’ or Orwellian references to ‘Big Brother’ (Wood, 2009: 180). However, Wood points out that ‘surveillance societies’ exhibit immense cultural and geographical variety, in both historic and contemporary contexts, and need not exhibit totalitarian features (2009: 181). Wood acknowledges that more study of how societies encounter surveillance in order to determine the elements that operate at the different socio-spatial levels (2009: 189). The right balance between surveillance and privacy, and security and civil liberties, is far from clear. While many shy away from the Orwellian nightmare depicted in the novel Nineteen-eighty-four (1984), they also demand protection from criminal activities and terrorist attacks. Post 9/11 civil liberties have been increasingly traded in for greater surveillance of the citizenry, especially in the US and associated countries (JÃ ¼rgensen, 2004: 55). Surveillance is not inherently sinister or malig...

Free Process Essays - How to Organize a Paintball Event :: Expository Process Essays

How to Organize a Paintball Event Ever dream of shooting your boss or coworkers? Perhaps you will get the chance if you offer to organize a company paintball event. It is a great way to promote teamwork and relieve aggression. Even if the coworker from hell is on the same team as you, keep in mind there is such a thing as â€Å"friendly fire† (â€Å"accidentally† shooting someone on your team). The first step is to check out local fields. Some things to look for are, the ratio of referees to players, goggle signs, barrel plugs and personality of the staff. Typically, playing fields are crowded on the weekend. Most fields will open during the week for a group of twenty or more, but do ask. Price is also a consideration; this is an expensive hobby. Expect to pay at least $85 for a case of paint, goggle rental and a paintball marker (gun) rental for a four-hour session. Preferably, try to plan the outing when the weather is comfortable. Playing in the 100 degree Texas heat would be rough on most corporate types. On the day of the event, it is best to dress in layers. Being hit with a paintball does sting. I recommend wearing gloves and a hat as handshots and headshots seem to hurt the most. Wear comfortable shoes, cleats if possible, if not tennis shoes with good tread. Most often, the playing fields are on grass or dirt surfaces. Usually fields have food and drinks for sale but to be on the safe side bring water, as dehydration is common for rookie players. The first stop after arriving at the field is the â€Å"Staging Area†. This area typically has tables to set your equipment on. After picking up the equipment from the staff, the referee will discuss how the markers (guns) work, how to fill the hoppers (what holds the paintballs) and most importantly safety issues. The first is, everyone chronographs their guns to be certain no one is shooting â€Å"hot† over 300 fps (feet per second). Secondly, always wear goggles. Eye injuries are the biggest injury risk of playing paintball and wearing goggles faithfully will prevent it. Thirdly, keep the barrel plug in the gun until the game begins. That way if your finger accidentally pulls the trigger the barrel plug slows down the velocity of the paintball and likely will not cause an injury.

Comment The Five Minds of a Manager Essay

The Five Minds of a Manager the five aspects of the managerial mind—has proved not only powerful in the classroom but insightful in practice, as we hope to demonstrate in this article. We’ll first explain how we came up with the five managerial mind-sets, then we’ll discuss each in some depth before concluding with the case for interweaving the five. The Five Managerial Mind-Sets Jonathan Gosling is the director of the Centre for Leadership Studies at the University of Exeter in Exeter, England. Henry Mintzberg is the Cleghorn Professor of Management Studies at McGill University in Montreal and the author of the forthcoming book Managers Not MBAs from Berrett-Koehler. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, headquartered in Geneva, has a management development concern. It worries that it may be drifting too far toward a fast-action culture. It knows that it must act quickly in responding to disasters everywhere—earthquakes and wars, floods and famines—but it also sees the need to engage in the slower, more delicate task of building a capacity for action that is careful, thoughtful, and tailored to local conditions and needs. Many business organizations face a similar problem—they know how to execute, but they are not so adept at stepping back to reflect on their situations. Others face the opposite predicament: They get so mired in thinking about their problems that they can’t get things done fast enough. We all know bureaucracies that are great at planning and organizing but slow to respond to market forces, just as we’re all acquainted with the nimble companies that react to every stimulus, but sloppily, and have to be constantly fixing things. And then, of course, there are those that suffer from both afflictions—for example, firms whose marketing departments are absorbed with grand positioning statements while their sales forces chase every possible deal. Those two aspects establish the bounds of management: Everything that every effective manager does is sandwiched between action on the ground and reflection in the abstract. Action without reflection is thoughtless; reflection without action is passive. Every manager has to find a way to combine these two mindsets—to function at the point where reflective thinking meets practical doing. But action and reflection about what? One obvious answer is: about collaboration, about getting things done cooperatively with other people—in negotiations, for example, where a manager cannot act alone. Another answer is that action, reflection, and collaboration have to be rooted in a deep appreciation of reality harvard business review †¢ november 2003 in all its facets. We call this mind-set worldly, which the Oxford English Dictionary defines as â€Å"experienced in life, sophisticated, practical. † Finally, action, reflection, and collaboration, as well as worldliness, must subscribe to a certain rationality or logic; they rely on an analytic mind-set, too. So we have five sets of the managerial mind, five ways in which managers interpret and deal with the world around them. Each has a dominant subject, or target, of its own. For reflection, the subject is the self; there can be no insight without self-knowledge. Collaboration takes the subject beyond the self, into the manager’s network of relationships. Analysis goes a step beyond that, to the organization; organizations depend on the systematic decomposition of activities, and that’s what analysis is all about. Beyond the organization lies what we consider the subject of the worldly mind-set, namely context—the worlds around the organization. Finally, the action mind-set pulls everything together through the process of change—in self, relationships, organization, and context. The practice of managing, then, involves five perspectives, which correspond to the five modules of our program: †¢ Managing self: the reflective mind-set †¢ Managing organizations: the analytic mind-set †¢ Managing context: the worldly mind-set †¢ Managing relationships: the collaborative mind-set †¢ Managing change: the action mind-set If you are a manager, this is your world! Let us make clear several characteristics of this set of sets. First, we make no claim that our framework is either scientific or comprehensive. It simply has proved useful in our work with managers, including in our master’s program. (For more on the program, see the sidebar â€Å"Mind-Sets for Management Development. †) Second, we ask you to consider each of these managerial mind-sets as an attitude, a frame of mind that opens new vistas. Unless you get into a reflective frame of mind, for example, you cannot open yourself to new ideas. You might not even notice such ideas in the first place without a worldly frame of mind. And, of course, you cannot appreciate the buzz, the vistas, and the opportunities of actions unless you engage in them. Third, a word on our word â€Å"mind-sets. † We page 2 The Five Minds of a Manager do not use it to set any manager’s mind. All of us have had more than enough of that. Rather, we use the word in the spirit of a fortune one of us happened to pull out of a Chinese cookie recently: â€Å"Get your mind set. Confidence will lead you on. † We ask you to get your mind set around five key ideas. Then, not just confidence but coherence can lead you on. Think, too, of these mind-sets as mind-sights—perspectives. But be aware that, improperly used, they can also be mine sites. Too much of any of them—obsessive analyzing or compulsive collaborating, for instance—and the mind-set can blow up in your face. Managing Self: The Reflective Mind-Set Managers who are sent off to development courses these days often find themselves being welcomed to â€Å"boot camp. † This is no country club, they are warned; you’ll have to work hard. But this is wrongheaded. While managers certainly don’t need a country club atmosphere for development, neither do they need boot camp. Most managers we know already live boot camp every day. Besides, in real boot camps, soldiers learn to march and obey, not to stop and think. These days, what managers desperately need is to stop and think, to step back and reflect thoughtfully on their experiences. Indeed, in his book Rules for Radicals, Saul Alinsky makes the interesting point that events, or â€Å"happenings,† become experience only after they have been reflected upon thoughtfully: â€Å"Most people do not accumulate a body of experience. Most people go through life undergoing a series of happenings, which pass through their systems undigested. Happenings become experiences when they are digested, when they are reflected on, related to general patterns, and synthesized. † Unless the meaning is understood, managing is mindless. Hence we take reflection to be that space suspended between experience and explanation, where the mind makes the connections. Imagine yourself in a meeting when someone suddenly erupts with a personal rant. You’re tempted to ignore or dismiss the outburst—you’ve heard, after all, that the person is having problems at home. But why not use it to reflect on your own reaction—whether em- Mind-Sets for Management Development In 1996, when we founded the International Masters Program in Practicing Management with colleagues from around the world, we developed the managerial mind-sets as a new way to structure management education and development. Managers are sent to the IMPM by their companies, preferably in groups of four or five. They stay on the job, coming into our classrooms for five modules of two weeks each, one for each of the mindsets, over a period of 16 months. We open with a module on the reflective mind-set. The module is located at Lancaster University in the reflective atmosphere of northern England—the nearby hills and lakes inspire reflection on the purpose of life and work. Then it is on to McGill University in Montreal, where the grid-like regularity of the city reflects the energy and order of the analytic mind-set. The worldly mind-set on context comes alive at the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore, where new technologies jostle ancient traditions on the crowded streets. Then comes the collabora- harvard business review †¢ november 2003 tive mind-set, hosted by faculty in Japan, where collaboration has been the key to managerial innovations, and Korea, where alliances and partnerships have become the basis for business growth. Last is the action mind-set module, located at Insead in France, where emerging trends from around the world convert into lessons for managerial action. So our locations not only teach the mindsets but also encourage the participating managers to live them. And so have we, in the very conception of the program. Our approach to management development is fundamentally reflective. We believe managers need to step back from the pressures of their jobs and reflect thoughtfully on their experiences. We as faculty members bring concepts; the participants bring experience. Learning occurs where these meet—in individual heads, small groups, and all together. Our 50-50 rule says that half the classroom time should be turned over to the participants, on their agendas. The program is fully collaborative all around. There is no lead school; much of the organizational responsibility is distributed. Likewise, the faculty’s relationship with the participants is collaborative. And faculty members work closely with the participating companies, which over the past eight years have included Alcan, BT, EDF Group and Gaz de France, Fujitsu, the International Red Cross Federation, LG, Lufthansa, Matsushita, Motorola, Royal Bank of Canada, and Zeneca. We think of our setting as being especially worldly, because the participating managers and faculty host their colleagues at home, in their own cultures, and are guests abroad. We also believe that the program’s reflective orientation allows us to probe into analysis more deeply than in regular education and work. Finally, our own purpose is action: We seek fundamental change in management education worldwide—to help change business schools into true schools of management. page 3 The Five Minds of a Manager These days, what managers desperately need is to stop and think—to step back and reflect thoughtfully on their experiences. barrassment, anger, or frustration—and so recognize some comparable feelings in yourself? Your own reaction now becomes a learning experience for you: You have opened a space for imagination, between your experience and your explanation. It can make all the difference. Organizations may not need â€Å"mirror people,† who see in everything only reflections of their own behavior. But neither do they need â€Å"window people,† who cannot see beyond the images in front of them. They need managers who see both ways—in a sense, ones who look out the window at dawn, to see through their own reflections to the awakening world outside. â€Å"Reflect† in Latin means to refold, which suggests that attention turns inward so that it can be turned outward. This means going beyond introspection. It means looking in so that you can better see out in order to perceive a familiar thing in a different way—a product as a service, maybe, or a customer as a partner. Does that not describe the thinking of the really successful managers, the Andy Groves of the world? Compare such people with the Messiers and Lays, who dazzle with great mergers and grand strategies before burning out their companies. Likewise, reflective managers are able to see behind in order to look ahead. Successful â€Å"visions† are not immaculately conceived; they are painted, stroke by stroke, out of the experiences of the past. Reflective managers, in other words, have a healthy respect for history—not just the grand history of deals and disasters but also the everyday history of all the little actions that make organizations work. Consider in this regard Kofi Annan’s deep personal understanding of the United Nations, a comprehension that has been the source of his ability to help move that complex body to a different and better place. You must appreciate the past if you wish to use the present to get to a better future.

Globalization and the Effect of Conflicts & Terrorism Throughout the World After 1500 Essay

â€Å"We live in a world that is simultaneously shrinking and expanding, growing closer and farther apart†¦. National borders are increasingly irrelevant. And yet globalism is by no means triumphant. Tribalism of all kinds flourish. Irredentism abounds†. (Attali, 1991: 117) The rate of global change is a remarkably fast process. Even people trained and focused on recording such changes remain at a loss due to the difficult task at hand. However, trends and patterns are often noted and rapidly transcend to topics of discussion in the media, classrooms, and the corresponding governments. One example of such terms is globalization. Although it is quite vague, the paradox is used to describe widespread diversity. Globalization displays a disposition that carries over to the lives of every person who walks the Earth by pointing out that our lives are progressively influenced by forces which have surpassed borders and are changing, forever life on this planet. The process of globalization is reshaping all levels of society. From an individual level, a person may experience a threat or boost to their livelihood due to events that are happening far from their region, such as a drought in a distant country where certain vegetables are domestically exported. However, on a larger scale, governments may succumb to threats from other powers and consequently experience a loss in their nations’ freedom. Both are examples of the concept that the world is more interconnected than ever before. The globe is essentially border-less in the twenty-first century. The origins of global interdependence can be largely contributed to the wars and battles fought throughout history for various reasons. Dating back to the American Revolution, the colonists saw a brighter future for their growing nation and took the necessary steps to ensure their freedom. This desire for freedom ultimately led to the revolution that we now know as the â€Å"American Revolution†. Another similarly brutal conflict prior to the 1800s was the French Revolution. The revolution was set forth to bring an end to the French monarchy, but was unfortunately followed by a comparably bad reign of terror. The reign brought a spell where rival sectors dueled for control of power, resulting in the executions of nearly 40,000 people. However, out of the resulting destruction and rubble emerged the infamous Napoleon. The French and Americans were not singled out in their strive for freedom, power struggles in Latin America erupted into wars for independence as well as the Russian Revolution in 1917. What we currently brand as globalization can be traced back to the post-Civil War era, when the world was just greeting the dawn of internationalization. Up until 1914 an international economy was in place, under the control of the transatlantic trade. This trade system was managed by Great Britain and relied on open markets and developing lands as resource bases and consumers in underdeveloped nations. It was in the midst of this international industrial economy that the U. S. became a world power due to the potential noticed by the European trading authorities. This period did not undergo the radical form of globalization that characterized the post-Cold War era, with their highly efficient worldwide communications, means of transportation and technological advancements. Prior to this time, less production was outsourced. The people affected by globalization were most likely the wealthy, rather than the common people, in the early twentieth century. Likewise, prior to the world wars, it was very distinctively clear which nation was in control of the corresponding aspects of the market (production, marketing, culture, etc. . However, as the turn of the century approached, so too did an upheaval of the old ways in which the world divided its economy. In the pre- World Wars (I and II), there was a much more clear divide on the nations and their role in the world market. But, as the turn of the century approached and soldiers returned home from serving in World War II, there was a paradigm shift and the sense of ownership sort of dissipated. Concurrently, as the market changed so too did the rate of globalization. The twentieth century brought a new, irrevocable change to this world as it allowed people from every nation to communicate and trade unlike ever before. Another aspect of great importance in the talk on conflict and terrorism in the world is the role of religion. Religious values and views play a prominent role in the lives of people as they deal with issues affecting their communities. It provides its followers’ lives with a core vision, which in turn colors their behaviors, choices, and aspirations. For this exact reason, any large issue must be addressed in a sensitive manner. The attacks on the world trade centers in 2001 bring to mind this concept of religion and the diverse ways in which it can lead people to respond to a tragedy. Henry Wilson poetically stated his view on the importance of coexistence in, â€Å"Whether the future of humanity will be shaped by the ‘clash of civilizations,’ the ‘clash of ignorance,’ the clash of religions and ethnicities, or confrontations between the ‘West and the rest’ is hard to predict. It may be a combination of several of the above as they are all intricately interlinked. It may also be caused by the emergence of hitherto unclear issues of polarization†. As touched on in the presentation, conflict and terrorism have played a key factor in the revolution of the world. It has ramifications that affect nearly everyone on the planet from the individual level all the way up to entire nation-states. The economy too transforms during times of war and people must compensate for the portion of the population that is off in battle. This adaptation described is a fairly perfect example of globalization. It adequately displays how times of conflict in one region of the world can strongly influence the rest of the world due to the interconnectedness of our planet.

Critically evaluate methodologies for achieving risk management Essay

Critically evaluate methodologies for achieving risk management process evaluation and change and comment on the constraints - Essay Example The methodologies for the management of risk in the hospitality industry may be broadly classified as being organisational and financial in nature. The strategies for the management of risks in the hospitality industry may be classified as being defensive, cautious or offensive in nature and these may be dictated by the broad business environment of the day. Risk avoidance, risk reduction or risk transfer are the organisational methodologies for managing risks and their financial counterparts for the management of risks include risk retention, transfer of risk related financial liability and risk repartition in which risks are spread amongst a number of businesses or groups. Whereas a practical organisational strategy is likely to combine a number of techniques to handle risks associated with a hospitality operation, attempts towards the repartition of risks present the best way to deal with situations in a global economy in which the clients of the hospitality industry or the touris ts have a number of alternatives that are available to them. This brief essay attempts to take a look at the methodologies for managing risk in the hospitality industry. Any economic activity is characterised by an associated exposure to risk as a result of the conduct of the activity. Large projects may be exposed to risks associated with delays, cost escalations and exchange rate fluctuations etc. In the hospitality industry, risks may arise as a result of investment risks in ventures, risks arising out of the globalisation of tourism, risks associated with requirements to comply with legal and licensing requirements and health as well as safety risks in establishments. Investment risks and the risks arising out of the globalisation of the tourism industry have to be considered at the time of investing in a new venture and these risks are more of long term or strategic risks in nature. Risks that are associated

The Law on Race Discrimination Has Undergone Transformation over the Essay

The Law on Race Discrimination Has Undergone Transformation over the Last 15 Years due to a Number of Significant Issues - Essay Example Thousands of people report cases of workplace discrimination by personal characteristics. Some of them are decisive enough to go to the court. Reasons why anti-discrimination laws appear to be ineffective are numerous and diverse. Basically, contemporary anti-discrimination laws are limited to negative torts against workplace discrimination; as such, they do not promote positive attitudinal changes in private business and do not provide conditions required to protect workers from unlawful discrimination. Discrimination: The current state of law Understanding why discrimination continues to persist is impossible without looking at the current state of anti-discrimination laws in Europe and America. For many years, the developed world had been concerned with the issue of workplace discrimination and possible ways to deal with it. As of today, the United Kingdom, the European Union and the United States run whole systems of anti-discrimination laws which, nevertheless, do not bring the desired effect. In the United States, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the central component of the country’s anti-discrimination legislation that applies widely across private and public organizations. The discussed law is followed and complemented by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). The latter goes beyond the problem of racial discrimination and prohibits discrimination on grounds that are not recognized by the U.S. Constitution (Rutherglen 1995). In the United Kingdom, the Race Relations Act (1975), the Sex Discrimination Act (1975), as well as the Disability Discrimination Act (1975) create the basic trio of laws, followed by numerous amendments that currently govern the issues of workplace discrimination in the country. It should be noted, that the past decade witnessed an unprecedented rise in the number of anti-discrimination amendments passed by the British government (Fredman 2002). Nevertheless, the issue of workplace discrimination remai ns extremely relevant for Britain. Even in light of the Treaty of Rome and the Treaty establishing the European Union, Great Britain and other countries of Europe have been consistently unable to fight discrimination in the workplace. Given the growing extent of globalization and unification within the European Union, it comes as no surprise that the prevailing majority of EU anti-discrimination laws apply to the issue of free movement of migrant workers across EU member-states. According to the European Court of Justice, â€Å"a provision of national law must be regarded as indirectly discriminatory if it is intrinsically liable to affect migrant workers more than national workers and if there is a consequent risk that it will place the former at a particular disadvantage† (Commission v. Greece 1998). As such there is still no consistency in how the issue of discrimination is being managed. The situation in Australia is no better: as of today, Australia’s anti-discrim ination laws include Age Discrimination Act 2004, Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986, Disability Discrimination Act 1975, Racial Discrimination Act 1975, and Sex Discrimination Act 1984. It is no wonder that these laws and numerous amendments create a great deal of confusion and make it difficult for public and, especially, private enterprises to avoid legal complexities and protect their employees from abuse. Discrimination in the workplace: Still an issue? With so many laws governing the issue of work

Should Cars Be More Efficient Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Should Cars Be More Efficient - Term Paper Example With the increase in fuel prices, consumers are quite likely to expect that the price of the car should meet with the budget allotted (Johnston, 2010). Based on the current role of automotive industry in the environmental degradation caused due to huge CO2 emissions and increasing consumption of non-renewable fuels, especially the companies engaged in manufacturing of cars, this paper will intend to provide an account of the essentiality to preserve and effectually enhance the efficiency of cars in the futuristic perspective. Needs for Eco-Friendly Automobiles The aggregate consumption level of cars can be identified as increasing day by day and consequently emissions of CO2 are also growing rapidly, owing to which environment is being affected by a higher degree of pollution making the atmosphere unhealthy for the prosperity of the living beings. With this concern, the European Union Commission along with various other national institutions has been identified to adopt various measu res for reducing the emission of CO2 in the long run. As a result, many new cars have been manufactured by automobile companies with special attention on using Liquid Petroleum Gas and hydrogen gas among other renewable energies. Many cars have also been manufactured, which run through electricity as well as chargeable battery power and thus attempt to lessen the consumption of fuels and simultaneously reduce the negative impact caused to the environment (Ward, Tanaka, Short, & Steiner, 2008). Contextually, the massive manufacturing and using of cars are increasing the traffic system rapidly in every street of global environment. Due to immense pressure from the traffic, the environment has to witness harmful consequences related to sound and air pollution by the noise produced and CO2 emissions caused by automobiles. It is in this context that the consequences of environmental degradation, as led by automobiles, accumulatively give rise to global warming (Ward, Tanaka, Short, & Ste iner, 2008). It is in this respect that emphasis is put on the growth in the consumption rate of cars in world transportation; the International Energy Agency has predicted that the demand for fuels along with the consequential release of pollution will rise substantially in the upcoming decades. As can be depicted from the chart below, the obtained statistics until 2050 provides an estimate that the rate of CO2 emissions is quite likely to rise rapidly with vast differences over decades. This, in turn, is quite likely to result in a greater degree of environmental degradation which certainly requires attention from the worldwide automotive companies (Ward, Tanaka, Short, & Steiner, 2008). In other words, the obtained statistics apparently indicates the need for more efficient cars for the future generation which can be quite beneficial in reducing the predicted growth rate of CO2 emissions and thus result in a healthier environment. With this concern, various automotive companies a long with governmental and social institutions have targeted to manufacture environment friendly technologies to be used in cars with the sole intention of lowering emission rates and non-renewable energy such as fossil fuel consumption trends. Source: (Ward, Tanaka, Short, & Steiner, 2008) Success Factors of the Environment Strategies in Global Automobile At present and also in the future market, automobile industry should develop certain effectual strategies for making cars efficient by taking worthy account of